In Book I we find the questions "What is man for?" and "What is the end of man?" Far too little is done to establish that these are proper questions. I understand "what are screwdrivers for?" but why must we talk about men as though they were screwdrivers? It is nonsense to ascribe moral responsibility to a tool. In any case God cannot have made us as tools, for if we were made for something we could only not be good for that thing if we had been inefficiently constructed.
(J. J. C. Smart, review of Man as Man: The Science and Art of Ethics, by T. J. Higgins, Philosophy 25 [October 1950]: 368-70, at 369 [italics in original])
Keith Burgess-Jackson, J.D., Ph.D. 